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The ankle joint is also known as the talocrural joint. It is formed by:
The ends of each of the bones are covered by articular cartilage. The space in the joint is lined with a thin membrane called the synovium. The synovium cushions the joint and secretes a lubricating fluid (synovia), which reduces bone friction and help with fluid movement.
These bones are held together by a set of three strong bands of connective tissue, called ligaments:
A number of tendons attach the lower leg muscles to the foot and ankle bones.
The foot has 28 bones and is traditionally divided into three regions:
…and two columns:
The ankle and foot are complex structures that can easily be injured. Fortunately, many ankle and foot conditions can be treated conservatively with physical therapy. Physical therapists (PTs) are experts in the art and science of the evaluation and treatment of human movement dysfunctions. We care for people of all ages and treat a variety of muscle, joint and neurological conditions.
* Cited from the academic journal, JBJS (American). 2006;88; Am J Sports Med 1998 May; 26(3).